Semaglutide

Key Takeaways of Semaglutide Guide 2023

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. It works by mimicking the effects of the GLP-1 hormone, leading to reduced appetite, increased feelings of fullness, and slower gastric emptying.
Semaglutide has demonstrated significant and sustained weight loss in clinical trials, making it a promising option for individuals with obesity. The once-weekly injectable formulation of semaglutide has shown superior weight-loss outcomes compared to placebo and other weight-loss medications.
Alongside its effectiveness in weight reduction, semaglutide also helps improve glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes.
Semaglutide is typically used as an adjunct to lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, to achieve optimal weight loss results. As with any medication, it is crucial for healthcare providers to closely monitor patients on semaglutide therapy and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

Potential Health Benefits of Semaglutide

Promotes weight loss [1-41]
Fights type 2 diabetes and lowers blood sugar levels [42-69]
Prevents cognitive decline [70-81]
Lowers blood pressure [4] [82-88]
Lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease [89-96]

What is Semaglutide?

Semaglutide, categorized as a GLP-1 agonist, has obtained approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the brand names Ozempic and Rybelsus for managing type 2 diabetes, and as Wegovy for the treatment of excess weight (overweight) and obesity. At higher doses, semaglutide promotes fat loss by suppressing your appetite. When combined with lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet and exercise program, semaglutide produces amazing results. For this reason, semaglutide has been employed by health care providers for over 15 years in the management of type 2 diabetes.

How does Semaglutide Work?

As a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), it increases the secretion of the hormone insulin which helps the cells to effectively utilize energy. This process ensures proper fat storage and decreases blood glucose (blood sugar) levels. Semaglutide also suppresses your appetite and slows gastric emptying by blocking certain chemicals in the brain. This in turn helps promote fat loss.

Research on Semaglutide

A. Promotes Weight Loss

Semaglutide is important for long-term weight management due to its efficacy in promoting significant and sustained weight loss in adults with obesity. As a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, semaglutide works by mimicking the effects of the GLP-1 hormone, which regulates appetite and food intake. [1]

The once-weekly injectable formulation of semaglutide has shown remarkable results in clinical trials, demonstrating greater weight loss compared to placebo and other weight-loss medications. By enhancing feelings of fullness, reducing hunger, and slowing down gastric emptying, semaglutide helps individuals achieve meaningful and durable weight reduction, making it a promising and valuable option for managing chronic weight issues and improving overall health outcomes.

Semaglutide’s fat-burning properties are backed by a number of high-quality studies:

In overweight and obese participants, semaglutide administration once a week resulted in a relevant reduction in body weight. [2]
In obese people, administration of semaglutide once a week via subcutaneous injections produced superior reductions in weight compared to placebo. [3]
In obese patients with type 2 diabetes, administration of semaglutide demonstrated huge weight loss efficacy. [4]
In adults with obesity and excess weight, treatment with 2.4 mg semaglutide once weekly resulted in continued weight loss for the following 48 weeks. [5]
A study showed that a combination of physical activity and dietary supplementation of semaglutide resulted in greater weight loss. [6]
In obese, overweight, and type-2 diabetic adults, administration of 2.4 mg semaglutide once a week decreased body weight. [7]
Among overweight and obese patients, semaglutide used as an intensive behavioral therapy and an initial low-calorie diet resulted in greater weight loss during 68 weeks. [8]
A study showed that semaglutide induced weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes regardless of baseline body mass index (BMI). [9]
In obese adults, administration of semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week suppressed appetite, improved control of eating, and reduced food cravings, compared to placebo. [10]
In obese subjects, semaglutide administration once a week reduced appetite and food cravings, and was associated with better control of eating and lower relative preference for fatty, energy‐dense foods. [11]
A study showed that semaglutide administration once a day produced weight loss by reducing HbA1c, a measure of blood sugar. [12]
A study showed that intake of semaglutide once a week improved blood sugar control and reduced body weight in patients with type-2 diabetes. [13]
Studies showed that semaglutide lowers body weight by directly and indirectly affecting the activity of neural pathways involved in food intake, reward, and energy expenditure, without any adverse side effects. [14-16]
Studies suggest that semaglutide is superior to other weight loss drugs with regard to efficacy and cost-effectiveness. [17-25]
In overweight and obese adults, once-per-week administration of semaglutide resulted in significant and sustained weight reduction. [26]
In obese patients, semaglutide was well-tolerated and induced significant weight loss. [27]
A review of studies showed that once weekly semaglutide was successful in inducing significant weight loss. [28]
A study showed that oral semaglutide was effective in body weight reduction. [29]
A review of studies showed that semaglutide demonstrated superior efficacy in obesity compared to other anti-diabetic drugs. [30]
In obese or overweight adults, semaglutide administration resulted in significant weight loss. [31]
In obese or overweight adults, semaglutide administration in addition to a weight management program was effective in inducing weight reduction. [32]
A study showed that semaglutide offered the greatest weight-reducing effect among any obesity medication. [33]
In obese or overweight adults, once-weekly administration of semaglutide resulted in significant weight loss. [34]
In adults with overweight or obesity, weekly treatment with subcutaneous semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg for 20 weeks resulted in continued weight loss over the following 48 weeks compared with placebo. [35]
In adults with obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, the administration of semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg once a week for 68 weeks resulted in superior and clinically meaningful reductions in body weight and abdominal visceral fat area compared with placebo. [36-39]
Once-weekly administration of subcutaneous semaglutide as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy and a reduced calorie diet in adults with overweight or obesity produced significant weight loss after 68 weeks. [40]
In patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 27 or more, weekly 1.7-mg and 2.4-mg doses of semaglutide resulted in a mean weight loss of 6.7 kg at 3 months and 12.3 kg at 6 months. [41]

B. Fights Type 2 Diabetes and Lowers Blood Sugar Levels

Semaglutide may help bring blood sugar to normal levels through the incretin effect. [42] Incretins such as semaglutide and other GLP-1 RA cause a decrease in blood sugar levels once released by the gastrointestinal tract. This in turn alleviates symptoms of diabetes and keeps blood sugar within normal limits.

Studies show that semaglutide, an FDA-approved medication for diabetes, has potent blood-sugar-lowering effects:

In patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide administration once a week resulted in decreased blood sugar levels. [43]
A study showed that type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral semaglutide had reduced glycosylated hemoglobin, which is chemically linked to sugar. [44]
In patients with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide improved blood sugar control. [45]
A study showed that oral semaglutide can effectively and safely reduce blood sugar, body weight, and systolic blood pressure. [46]
In adults with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide reduced blood sugar levels with higher efficacy and tolerability. [47]
In adult type 2 diabetic patients, once-per-week therapy with semaglutide resulted in significant reductions in blood sugar levels and body weight after 3 to 6 months. [48]
A review of studies showed that oral semaglutide administration is effective in treating type 2 diabetes without increasing the incidence of major adverse effects. [49]
In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide was efficacious in reducing blood sugar levels and was well-tolerated. [50]
In type 2 diabetic patients, semaglutide was shown to be highly effective in controlling blood sugar levels compared with other diabetic medications. [51-66]
In patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide administration at a dose of 2.0 mg was superior to 1.0 mg in reducing HbA1c (a measure of blood sugar in the past 3 months), with additional body weight loss and a similar safety profile. [67-68]
Once-daily oral semaglutide (4-week dose escalation from 3 to 7 to 14 mg) administration in type 2 diabetics resulted in reduced body fat mass, increased satiety and fullness after a fat-rich breakfast, and improved eating control compared with placebo. [69]

C. Prevents Cognitive Decline

Semaglutide can help protect brain cells against injury or damage through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. By reducing inflammation and oxidative stress (free radicals), semaglutide can help improve cognitive function.

Evidence shows that semaglutide has the capacity to prevent age-related cognitive decline and cognitive dysfunction due to brain disorders:

In mice models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), semaglutide produced significant neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects. [70]
In PD mouse models, semaglutide attenuated the effects of the disease by protecting the brain neurons against injury. [71]
In animal models, semaglutide is protected against diabetes and obesity-related cognitive deficits. [72]
In a mouse model of PD, semaglutide exerted its neuroprotective effects by reducing motor impairments. [73]
Studies in rodent models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases and mouse models of ischemic stroke have shown that semaglutide prevented brain neuron damage and memory impairment. [74-77]
In a non-diabetic rat model of acute ischemic stroke, semaglutide reduced infarct size (dead brain tissue) by up to 90%. [78]
In a Parkinson’s disease mouse model, semaglutide alleviated the inflammation response, reduced lipid peroxidation (oxidative stress), and inhibited programmed cell death. [79-81]

D. Lowers Blood Pressure

Stimulation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is known to increase blood pressure. [82] As a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide suppresses the release of glucagon by the liver which in turn lowers blood pressure.

The blood pressure-lowering effects of semaglutide are backed by a number of studies:

In overweight and obese adults, subcutaneous injection of semaglutide reduced systolic blood pressure after 20 weeks. [4]
A review of multiple studies found that semaglutide lowered blood pressure compared to placebo. [83]
In patients with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide effectively and safely reduces systolic blood pressure. [84]
Studies found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide can significantly reduce elevated blood pressure with a low risk of adverse effects. [85-86]
A study found that both doses of semaglutide (0.5 and 1.0 mg) were associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure. [87-88]

E. Lowers the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Semaglutide is thought to lower cardiovascular disease risk through multiple mechanisms of action. As a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, it primarily reduces cardiovascular risk by improving glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. By stimulating insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying, semaglutide helps lower blood sugar levels, which can positively impact cardiovascular health. Additionally, semaglutide has been shown to promote weight loss, improve blood pressure, and reduce inflammation markers, all of which contribute to its cardioprotective effects.

Evidence shows that semaglutide can help lower the risk of heart disease possibly through its beneficial effects on obesity, blood sugar, and blood pressure:

In patients with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide reduced the rate of cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction. [89]
In subjects with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular disease risk, semaglutide (0.5 and 1.0 mg) administration once a week significantly reduced major adverse cardiovascular events. [90-91]
In patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, the addition of semaglutide to standard treatment decreased the cardiovascular risk by reducing blood sugar and body weight. [92]
Studies found that semaglutide decreased the risk of atherosclerosis (plaque formation within the heart arteries) and other cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. [93-96]

Potential Candidates for Semaglutide Treatment

Potential candidates for semaglutide treatment may include individuals with the following conditions:

Type 2 Diabetes: Semaglutide is FDA-approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and may be prescribed for individuals who have not achieved adequate glycemic control with other medications.
Overweight or Obesity: Semaglutide, under the brand name Wegovy, is approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight individuals with at least one weight-related comorbidity.
Those at High Cardiovascular Risk: Semaglutide has demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in clinical trials, making it a consideration for individuals with type 2 diabetes who are at increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Individuals Seeking Weight Loss Support: Semaglutide may be an option for non-diabetic individuals struggling with weight management.

It is important to keep in mind that this medication is not for everyone. For instance, you are not a good candidate for semaglutide treatment if you have a personal or family history of the following:

Acute kidney injury
An allergic reaction to semaglutide-containing products
Diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina of the eye)
Gallbladder disease
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (also known as thyroid C-cell tumors, is a thyroid cancer characterized by rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from the C-cells of the thyroid gland)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (tumors in multiple endocrine glands, commonly affecting the thyroid and adrenal glands)
Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)

It is crucial to note that the suitability for semaglutide treatment is determined by healthcare providers based on individual health needs, medical history, and other relevant factors. Only a qualified healthcare professional can assess and recommend semaglutide treatment for each individual case. Always consult with a healthcare provider to discuss potential treatment options and to ensure safe and appropriate usage of semaglutide.

Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Non-Diabetics

Semaglutide has shown promising results for weight loss in non-diabetic individuals. While initially developed as a medication to manage type 2 diabetes, clinical trials have demonstrated its effectiveness in promoting weight loss in people without diabetes who struggle with obesity or overweight.

In recent studies, a higher-dose formulation of semaglutide (2.4 mg once a week) under the brand name Wegovy has been specifically approved for chronic weight management in non-diabetic individuals. It is administered as a subcutaneous injection and has been associated with significant and sustained weight loss when used in combination with lifestyle modifications.

The exact mechanisms by which semaglutide leads to weight loss in non-diabetic individuals are not fully understood, but it is believed to act on the brain’s appetite control centers, leading to reduced food intake and increased feelings of fullness. Additionally, it may affect gastric emptying and improve insulin sensitivity, contributing to weight loss benefits.

Before starting semaglutide for weight loss, individuals should consult their healthcare provider to determine its suitability for their specific health condition and to receive proper guidance on its usage and potential side effects. Weight loss with semaglutide should be part of a comprehensive weight management plan, which includes a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and lifestyle changes to maximize its effectiveness.

What is Compounded Semaglutide?

Compounded semaglutide is a form of semaglutide that is made by a compounding pharmacy. Compounding pharmacies are licensed to create customized medications for individual patients. In the case of compounded semaglutide, the pharmacy may combine semaglutide with other ingredients, such as vitamins or minerals, to create a medication that is tailored to the specific needs of the patient.

Compounded semaglutide is often used as a weight loss medication. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, which means that it works by binding to the GLP-1 receptor in the gut to help control blood sugar levels. However, semaglutide has also been shown to be effective at promoting weight loss.

There are a few reasons why people might choose to use compounded semaglutide for weight loss. First, compounded semaglutide is often less expensive than brand-name semaglutide. Second, compounded semaglutide can be tailored to the specific needs of the patient. For example, if a patient has trouble swallowing pills, the compounding pharmacy can create a compounded semaglutide that is administered as a liquid or a nasal spray.

However, there are also some risks associated with using compounded semaglutide. First, compounded semaglutide has not been as extensively studied as brand-name semaglutide. This means that there is less information available about the safety and efficacy of compounded semaglutide. Second, there is a risk that compounded semaglutide may not be made correctly. This could lead to the wrong dosage being given, or it could lead to the medication being contaminated.

If you are considering using compounded semaglutide, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits. Your doctor can help you decide if compounded semaglutide is right for you.

Semaglutide Side Effects

Semaglutide side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on semaglutide. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of semaglutide. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with semaglutide even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.

Side effects associated with semaglutide may include the following:

Abdominal pain (upper stomach pain)
Constipation
Diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Low blood sugar
Nausea
Vomiting

Semaglutide Dosage

The dosage of semaglutide can vary depending on the specific formulation and approved use of the medication. For chronic weight management, Wegovy is commonly prescribed at a recommended dosage of 2.4 mg once a week. This formulation is administered through a subcutaneous injection and should be taken on the same day each week. It is intended for use in adults with obesity or overweight individuals who have at least one weight-related comorbidity.

For the treatment of type 2 diabetes, Ozempic is another available option. The typical dosage for Ozempic starts at 0.5 mg once weekly for the first four weeks, followed by an increase to 1 mg once weekly. Like Wegovy, Ozempic is also administered via subcutaneous injection and should be taken on the same day each week.

On the other hand, Rybelsus, which is also used for type 2 diabetes management, comes in oral tablet form with varying dosages. The usual starting dosage is 3 mg once daily. After a minimum of 30 days at this initial dosage, it can be increased to 7 mg once daily if additional glycemic control is required. Some individuals may need further dose escalation to 14 mg once daily to achieve their target blood sugar levels.

In some cases, healthcare providers may consider delaying dose escalation to ensure optimal tolerance and minimize potential side effects during the initial phase of treatment. Regardless of the specific formulation, it is crucial to adhere to the dosing instructions provided by the prescribing healthcare professional and carefully review the medication’s labeling and patient information. Doses may be adjusted based on individual response and tolerability. Patients should not modify the dosage or frequency of any medication without consulting a healthcare provider first.

Semaglutide Weight Loss Before and After Results

About Dr. George Shanlikian

Dr. George Shanlikian, renowned as the world’s best hormone therapy doctor, possesses expertise in various medical domains. These include Bio-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy, Peptide Replacement Therapy, Anti-Aging Medicine, Regenerative Medicine, Stress Management, Nutrition Consulting, Nutritional Supplement Consulting, and Exercise Consulting.

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