Comparative Review of Peptide Groups
Weight Regulating Peptides
Peptide
Mechanism of action
Additional research hypotheses
References
- No perceived impact on lean muscle mass
- No perceived impact on food intake
- Potential cell regeneration properties
Mark Heffernan et al, Endocrinology, Volume 142, Issue 12, 1 December 2001, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.12.8522
Frank M. Ng, J Sun et.al, Hormone Research, February 2000, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=AOD%209604
- Potential increase in insulin resistance
Barnhart, Kirstin F et al. Science translational medicine vol. 3,108 (2011): 108ra112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22072637/
Kolonin, Mikhail G et al. Nature medicine vol. 10,6 (2004): 625-32. doi:10.1038/nm1048. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15133506/
Growth Hormone Peptides
Peptide
Mechanism of action
Additional research hypotheses
References
- Potential anti-aging action
- Potentially increased collagen production
- Potential for sleep cycle regulation
David E. Beck et al., International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-014-2030-8
P.B Johansen et al, April 1999, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/
Gobburu, J.V.S., Agersø, H., Jusko, W.J. et al. Pharm Res 16, 1412–1416 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018955126402
Rogério G. Gondo et al, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 86, Issue 7, 1 July 2001, Pages 3279–3283, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.7.7694
- May mitigate joint degredation
- Potential for sleep cycle regulation
- May encourage muscle cell development
Koutkia, Polyxeni et al. JAMA vol. 292,2 (2004): 210-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15249570/
Vitiello, Michael V et al. Neurobiology of aging vol. 27,2 (2006): 318-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16399214/
- May mitigate joint degredation
- Potential for sleep cycle regulation
- May encourage muscle cell development
Laferrère, Blandine et al. (2005): 611-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824650/
Furuta S, Shimada O, Doi N, Ukai K, Nakagawa T, Watanabe J, 2004;54(12):868-80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15646371/
Emanuela Arvat, et al, Peptides, Volume 18, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 885-891, ISSN 0196-9781, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-9781(97)00016-8
- Potentially weight regulating
- May hasten tissue repair
Bellone J et al, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9801989/
Giustina A, et al, Regul Pept. 1997 May 14;70(1):49-54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9250581/
Rahim A, et al, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998 Nov;49(5):659-64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10197083/
- Potentiallly mitigates hypothyroidism
- May increase energy output
Pimentel-Filho FR, et al, 1997 Mar;46(3):295-300. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9156038/
Frieboes RM, et al, . Neuroendocrinology. 1995 May;61(5):584-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000126883
Cibrián D, et al, Clin Sci (Lond). 2006 May;110(5):563-73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16417467/
- Potentially weight regulating
- May increase insulin sensitivity
Valcavi R, et al, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1986 Jun;24(6):693-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3098458/
Ito T, Igarashi H, et al. Peptides. 2001 Jul;22(7):1139-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11445245/
Teichman SL, et al, J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Mar;91(3):799-805. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-1536. Epub 2005 Dec 13. PMID: 16352683. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
- Potentially weight regulating
- May support metabolic function
- May promote bone density
- Potentially neuroprotective
- Potentially cardioprotective
- May hasten tissue repair
Doroudian G et al, Biomed Microdevices. 2014 Oct;16(5):705-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24908137/
Deng M, et al, Int Orthop. 2011 Jul;35(7):1099-106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21057789/
Alec Walker. 20 Jul 2017. https://blogs.biomedcentral.com/on-biology/2017/07/20/hearts-minds-mice-men-mechano-growth-factor-new-tool-battle-age-related-neuron-loss/
May stimulate excitatory synaptic transmission and cell growth
- May support cognitive function in autism
- May support memory recall
Anderson, Lindsey J et al. Molecular and cellular endocrinology vol. 464 (2018): 65-74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5723243/
Autism Spectrum Disorder. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928
Ramsey MM, et al. 2005 Jul;94(1):247-54. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15985695/
Tissue Repair Peptides
Peptide
Mechanism of action
Additional research hypotheses
References
May increase production of actin protein
- Potential increase in hair follicle growth
Gao, Xy.,et al, Mol Genet Genomics 291, 1639–1646 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-016-1207-y
Potential to bind with growth hormone receptors and stimulate cell proliferation
- May regulate gut microbiome
- May support tendon, bone, ligament repair
Chang, Chung-Hsun et al. Journal of applied physiology vol. 110,3 (2011): 774-80. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21030672/
Seiwerth, Sven et al. Current pharmaceutical design vol. 24,18 (2018): 1972-1989. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29998800/
Inflammo-pharmacology vol. 7,1 (1999): 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10787-999-0022-z. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17657443/
May impact gene expression
- Potential anti-aging action
- Potential increase in hair follicle growth
- May reduce stress hormone secretion
Pickart, et al, International journal of molecular sciences vol. 19,7 1987. 7 Jul. 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073405/
Bobyntsev II, et al, Bull Exp Biol Med. 2015 Apr;158(6):726-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25900608/
Sever’yanova LА, Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017 Dec;164(2):140-143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181666/